Cement gun nozzle



April 6, 1937. H. SAMPEL 2,075,867

CEMENT GUN NOZZLE Filed Jan. 16, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 3. gf I a) I, 1 AA: J H N U) I" M Q Q Q s In . J INVENTOR. BY HEN/a1 SAMPEL ATTORN April6,1937

H. SAMPEL CEMENT GUN NOZZLE 2 SheesSheet 2 Filed Jan. 16, 1935 INVENTOR.

Y/I'ENBI SAMPEL.

.om. IT Q ATTORNEYS.

Patented Apr. 6, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CEMENT GUN NOZZLEHenri Sampel. Burbank, Calif. Application January 16, 1935, Serial No.2,130 11 Claims. (on. 91-44) My invention relates to pneumatic cementguns.

An object of the invention is to provide positively acting means forthoroughly combining or impregnating an aggregate of cement or plasterwith water under conditions that will cause better hydration thereof andprevent formation of dry pockets and sand laminations or striae thereinwhen applied to a shot surface, thereby enabling the mass to more firmlyadhere to or become bonded to said surface.

A more specific object is directed to the form and construction of anozzle in which a pulsating movement is more or less constantly set upin the mixing means, by the action of which, the

1.3 high velocity stream of aggregate will be squeezed and massaged in amanner to insure a thorough combining of the water with all dryparticles thereof.

Another object is to provide a nozzle in which degrees abrasion of thewalls of the delivery bore and/or the mixing elements within said boreduring rapid movement of hard particles of aggre- 30 gate through saidbore and against the exposed surfaces of said mixing elements.

Another object is to provide a nozzle having mixing means for imposingvarying degrees of lateral force against the mass under treatment highstate of turbulence in which constantly changing vortex motions are setup during the entire time the mass remains in the effective mixingchamber of the nozzle.

40 Another object is to provide a nozzle whose mixing means utilizes theinherent flexibility and elasticity of the inner structure of the nozzlein a very advantageous manner, the device being also simple inconstruction and adapted to be 45 quickly and very convenientlyconnected in the pressure source from which the aggregate is received.

A still further object is to provide means for changing a straightcourse motion of the stream 59 of aggregate into rotatory motion inwhich the direction of rotation of the mass will be automaticallyreversed during passage of the stream through a mixing chamber of verysmall area.

To enable others skilled in the art to fully comprehend the underlyingfeatures of the inand for placing and maintaining the mass in a ventionthat they may embody same in various modifications in structure andrelation contemplated, drawings depicting a preferred form have beenannexed as a. part of this disclosure and in such drawings similarreference characters de- 5 I note corresponding parts throughout all theviews, of which I Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section throughthe nozzle;

Figure 2 is a transverse section taken on the 10 line 2-2 of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a transverse section taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 1looking toward one set of mixing elements;

figure 4 is a transverse section taken on the discharge end thereof; 5

Figures '7 to 9, inclusive, are respectively transverse sections takenon the lines 1-1, 8-8 and 9-9 of Figure 6.

In carrying the invention into practice, use is made of a nozzle l0which is preferably moulded from a good quality rubber of respectivelydifferent compounds to give to the finished product a more or less hardand rigid shell-like exterior and a very soft and highly elastic orresilient inner structure [2, the latter having formed therein acontinuous stream bore, divided into a substantially cylindrical sectionl3, hereinafter referred to as a mixing zone or chamber;

a forwardly disposed section of a forwardly reduced diameter and ofgreater length than the section [3, and a rearwardly disposed shortsection IS, the latter being of an increasing diameter in the directionof said section l3. At the free end of the section I5 is formed anexternally threaded reduced portion l6 entirely of hard rubber andadapted to be received in the threaded socket H in a hydrating head l8.This head is also provided with a similar threaded socket is to receiveone end of a pipe or conduit 20 through which the aggregate to behydrated and shot from the nozzle can be fed under pressure to thenozzle from a supply source and subjected to the direct effect of jetsof water discharging radially and forwardly into the bore of the nozzlefrom the ring 2| of said head l8, preparatory to '55 passage of theaggregate into the mixing chamberor zone l3. The head [8 can be of anysuitable well known construction and no claim is. made thereto, apartfrom the relationship which it occupies to the first stage of mixingelements in the zone l3, which elements will be fully describedpresently.

Contained in the zone i3 is a rearwardly disposed annular series ofelongated mixing ele-- ments or kneading or massaging fingers 22 and aforwardly disposed series of identical elements or fingers 23. Thefingers 22 are equi-distantly.

spaced apart from each other annularly of the nozzle bore and aredisposed in parallelism to each other, and, as illustrated, theseelements extend forwardly and obliquely into the bore and are diagonallydisposed relatively to the'walls of said bore.

The fingers 23 are identical in every respect to the fingers 22, exceptthat they are set at a diagonal angle which is opposite to the angle atwhich the fingers 22 are set. The fingers 23 of the forwardly disposedset are staggered with respect to those of the rearwardly disposed set22.

Each set of fingers 22 and 23 more or less, because of their obliquityto the axis of the nozzle bore, describes a resilient frustum-likestructure whose small end or throat is forwardly disposed and positionedco-axially of the bore and adapted to freely contract and expandlaterally. It will be noted that each of the fingers 22 and 23 isprovided with a long, transversely curved surface 24 which directlyconfronts the axial center of the bore, and two parallel broad, flatside surfaces 25-25. It will be further observed that each finger has aportion 28 of substantial longitudinal and transverse area which joinsdirectly with the walls of said bore and that each finger is furtherprovided with a laterally movable undercut extremity 29 which can freelyyield and rapidly pulsate when stressed by loads imposed thereagainstduring movement of the aggregate through said bore. The undercutextremities of the fingers co-act with the walls of the bore to definetherewith intervening V-shaped spaces 30 through which the aggregate canmove during rotatory motion of said aggregate as induced incident to theforms and arrangements of said fingers.

Having described the essential characterizing structural features of thenozzle, the operation thereof will be described as follows:

Dry aggregate is continuously fed to the nozzle at a pressure of, say,from twenty-five to thirtyfive pounds. Assuming that water is beingsprayed in controlled amounts across the bore of the nozzle, it followsthat the aggregate will be effectively moistened and that while in a wetcondition it will pass directly into the mixing zone 13 where it willfirst be acted upon by the fingers 22 and then the fingers 23. Theannular or circumferential spacing apart from each other of the fingersof each of the sets employed provides large V-shaped spaces S betweenthe adjacent fingers of each set and the large ends of these spaces facerearwardly or toward the hydrator of the nozzle. The forwardly movingwet aggregate moves partly through the spaces S and partly through thespaces between the surfaces 24 of said fingers 22. In consequencethereof, said wet aggregate will be severely or violently placed in astate of turbulence, causing a vortex to be produced at each undercutextremity of the respective fingers, the rotatory courses of theaggregate being indicated by the arrows c in Figure 7.

This is made possible because of the diagonal positions of said fingers.As a result of this change in the direction of the stream of aggregatefrom a course which was straight at a position in the bore rearwardlyof. the fingers 22 to one which is rotatory within the area occupied bythe fingers, the wet aggregate will be very effectively squeezed ormassaged between the walls of the bore of the nozzle and the adjacentbroad faces of said fingers and the water thereby displaced andthoroughly combined with the dry particles of said aggregate. Theaggregate which flows through the space defined by the confrontingsurfaces 24 of the fingers will also be very effectively squeezed ormassaged while also in a violently turbulent state. This is madepossible because of the high degree of resiliency of the fingers, itfollowing that they will rapidly pulsate incident to changes orfluctuations in the degrees of pressure of the material stream, that isto say,

variable pressures which result in consequence of changes occurring atthe source or in the line of material supply, plus those changes thatare naturally set up .in response to the induced turbulent state of themass as it is acted upon by the fingers.

As the aggregate leaves the fingers 22, it is acted upon in like mannerby the fingers 23, but due to the reverse diagonal position of thesefingers with respect to the positions occupied by the fingers 22, thematerial will be twirled in an opposite direction to that given it inthe first stage of its treatment. The rotatory motion at each fingerwill be in the directions of the arrows b in Figure 8, that is to say,opposite to the motion produced at the extremities of said fingers 22.At the point of joinder of the fingers 23 with the walls of the nozzlebore, the material under treatment will be placed in motion to theextent that a vortex action will be induced co-axially of the bore andat places in the proximity to the fiexible points of joinder of saidfingers with said walls of the bore.

From the foregoing functional description, it manifestly follows thatthe aggregate will be separately treated within the area described bythe section l3 of the nozzle bore and thoroughly squeezed and massagedto thereby cause all dry particles of the aggregate to be wellincorporated with the water. To additionally insure. proper hydration ofthe aggregate the forward or discharge end of the nozzle bore is of aforwardly restricted diameter, whereby the aggregate will be condensedas it is about to be shot from the nozzle.

I shall claim as my invention all those structural and functionalfeatures above set forth, including a form of nozzle moulded from rubberto provide an inner structure which is exceedingly resilient and whichincludes as a part of its integral structure the highly novel forms ofresilient fingers 22 and 23, and I shall, of course, reserve the rightto make such modifications in the forms, constructions and arrangementsof the parts as shall be properly within the true spirit of theinvention and scope of the hereto appended claims. It is suggested thatat least two sets of massaging and kneading fingers be employed for mostsatisfactory results. However, there may be instances where a single setof such fingers would be practical and useful. When two sets of fingersare employed,'the combined lengths thereof should be at leastapproximately co-extensive with the length of the bore section l3. Thebore section is of uniform diameter throughout, but

I would not wish to be limited in this respect, as it is possible toproduce good results with a bore which tapers from oneend to anotherwithin the area of said section.

5 Regarding said fingers 22 and 23, it is of course understood that theextent of vortex generation produced by them, may be determined by thenumber of fingers comprising each of the sets employed. Each set hereinillustrated consists of three such fingers. This number has been foundentirely satisfactory to produce in the bore of a l nozzle of averagesize and capacity, a sufilcient number of low pressure regions in whichmany' vortices will be produced in the turbulent wake when the stream isfiowed through the nozzle at a pressure of from 25 to 35 pounds.-When'two sets of fingers are employed and the fingers of one set arestaggered with respect to thoseof the other set and disposed at anopposite diagonal angle thereto, the vortices are materially multiplied,thus augumenting the pulsations set up in the resilient extremities ofthe fingers and assuring that all dry particles of the aggregate undertreatment will be properly hydrated, that is to say, moreeffectivelysqueezed and massaged and the water perfectly combinedwithall such dry particles.

What I claim as my invention is: l. A cement gun having a mixingchamber; means for converting linear motion of a wet stream of aggregateinto rotatory motion first in one direction at one place in the chamberand then in an opposite direction at another place therein; and meansactuable by contact of the aggregate therewith for exerting respectivelydifferent degrees of pressure against the aggregate while rotating insaid chamber to thereby squeeze and massage the same to thus effectimpregnation of the dry particles thereof with moisture. 2. A cement gunnozzle having a bore the walls of which are formed of highly resilientrubber and through which bore a stream of wet aggregate can fiow; anannular series of massaging fingers formed integrally with said wallsand extendme diagonally and obliquely into the bore and having forwardlyextending free extremities movable laterally relatively to the walls andhence the axis of said bore; and said fingers being spaced apart fromeach other to enable the aggregate to enter between the same and to beset in rotary motion around the free extremities thereof, whereby tomassage the aggregate and cause the water to thoroughly combine with thedry particles thereof.

3. A cement gun nozzle having a bore the walls of which are formed ofhighly resilient rubber and through which bore a stream of wet aggregatecan fiow; an annular series of massaging fingers formed integrally withsaid walls and extending 60 diagonally and obliquely into the bore andhaving forwardly extending-free extremities movable laterally relativelyto the walls and hence the axis of said bore; said fingers being spacedapart from each other to enable the aggregate to enter be- 65 tween thesame and to be set in rotatory motion around the free extremitiesthereof, whereby to massage the aggregate and cause the water tothoroughly combine with the dry particles thereof; and a second similarseries of fingers situated 70 in advance of the first series of fingersand disposed at a diagonal angle which is reverse to the diagonal angleof the first fingers, whereby to impart rotatory motion to the stream ina direction opposite to that established by the action of 75 said firstfingers.

4. A nozzle having a bore the walls of which are formed of soft rubberand said nozzle having an exterior structure of hard rubber vulcanizedto the soft rubber; and means in the bore for yieldingly squeezing andmassaging a mass of wet aggregate by reaction set up by fiow of theaggregate through the bore and comprising integral angular portions ofsaid soft rubber walls and provided with undercut extremities havingsurfaces confronting said soft walls and being 10 movable laterallyrelatively thereto.

5. A nozzle having a bore whose walls are formed of resilient materialand said material having an annular series of fingers, disposed at anangle in the bore to provide a substantially l5 frustum-shaped structurethrough which a wet aggregate can pass and be squeezed and masan anglein the bore to provide a substantially frustumshaped structure throughwhich a wet aggregate can pass and be squeezed and massaged, and saidfingers being disposed diagonally 25 relatively to the walls of the boreto thereby set the aggregate in rotatory motion in a plane relativeto,the fingers to enable the aggregate to circulate through the spacesbetween the walls of the bore and the free extremities of said fingers.30

7. A cement gun comprising a, nozzle having an axial bore of softrubber; means for converting linear motion of a wet stream of cementaggregate into rotatory motion while the stream is being forced throughthe nozzle; and means 8.0- 35 tuable by contact of the aggregatetherewith for massaging the aggregate during conversion of the streamfrom linear motion into rotatory mo tion and comprising an annularseries of ribs having forwardly disposed extremities movable 4olaterally relative to the axis of the bore.

8. A cement gun nozzle comprising a body provided with an expansibleaxial bore through which a stream of cement can be forced, the walls ofsaid bore being formed of elastic rubber, said 45 bore including aportion the diameter of which decreases in a forward direction, and anannular series of equi-distantly spaced apart elements forming integralparts of said walls and having forwardly disposed extremities adapted to50 be placed in pulsatory motion in said bore by contact with saidstream.

9. A cement gun nozzle comprising a body formed of rubber and providedwith an axial bore, the walls of which are highly resilient, said boreincluding a section having a forwardly reduced diameter such thatpropulsion of a stream of cement through the bore will be retarded; andmeans providinga rifiing for said bore rearwardly of the aforestatedsection andincluding an annular series of laterally resilient elementsof the same material as said walls and adapted to be placed in motion bycontact of the stream therewith and to knead the material of saidstream.

10. A cement gun nozzle having a bore, the walls of which are formed ofsoft rubber; and an annular series of ribs formed integrally with saidwalls and disposed at a forward angle and having free ends disposed andadapted to be set in pulsatory motion by contact of cement aggregatetherewith during movement of a stream of said aggregate through the boretoward the discharge end of the nozzle.

11. As a new article of manufacture, a cement gun nozzle comprising anintegral body having a-hard rubber portion at one end adapted to beconnected with a hydrator and Provided with an axial bore, the walls 01'which are 0! highly resilient rubber, said bore having a forwardlytapered portion for constricting the flow oi aggregate from the bore;and angularly disposed massaging ribs extending into said bore andforming parts of said elastic walls of said bore

